Vol. 8, 2023
Pharmaceutical Sciences
VACCINE PROPHYLAXIS AS THE KEY TO SUCCESS AGAINST POLIOMIELYTIS
Jasmina Jovanović Mirković , Milica Stanojević, Christos Alexopoulos, Bojana Miljković, Marko Jovanović, Dragana Đorđević Šopalović
Pages: 36-39
DOI: 10.37392/RapProc.2023.08
Abstract | References | Full Text (PDF)
Poliomyelitis (lat. acute anterior poliomyelitis, Henne-Medin’s disease) is
an acute infectious disease caused by Poliovirus (types 1, 2 and 3). The
disease most often occurs in childhood, either individually or in epidemics.
The routes of transmission of the infection are the oral-fecal route. The
infection can occur without any symptoms or as a general infection, such as
meningitis or paralysis. The clinical picture of the disease shows the
appearance of several stages: the pre-lytic stage, the paralysis stage and the
recovery stage. The fastest way to confirm the diagnosis is to prove viral RNA
by PCR in stool, blood or cerebrospinal fluid. There are also serological
neutralization tests. During the acute phase, symptomatic and supportive
therapy is carried out, and after the acute phase, active physical therapy and
rehabilitation are carried out in more severe forms of the disease. Today, this
disease is very rare, thanks to systemic active immunization. Primary
immunization against poliomyelits (polio) is in the first year of life with
three doses of pentavalent Pentaxim vaccine, six weeks apart, and
revaccinations are carried out according to the mandatory vaccination calendar
in the second, seventh and fourteenth years of life. The vaccine given in
multiple doses provides protection throughout life. The aim of
this paper is to compare the results of successfully implemented vaccine
prophylaxis at the level of primary health care for the territory of the
Pomoravlje District in Serbia in the period from 2008-2012.
Results and discussion.
Based on the Report on Immunization against Poliomyelitis in the Pomoravlje
District in the period 01.01.2011 - 31.12.2011, it was noted that by far the
largest number of persons vaccinated with the OPV vaccine was in the
municipalities of Despotovac, Paracin, Rekovac and Svilajnac, where the
percentage of those vaccinated was 100%. Based on the data, it can be seen that
the smallest response of children was in the territory of the municipality of
Cuprija (81.36%). Statistical data processing in the SPSS Statistics 20 showed
that the third revaccination carried out at the age of 14 has a statistical
significance of p<0.05, χ2=14.02 at the level of the city of Despotovac for
the calendar year 2012. compared to the five-year period from 2008-2012.
Conclusion. Based on the statistically processed results, a
high level of coverage and high success rate of the implemented vaccination for
the five-year period from 2008-2012 was observed for the territory of the
Pomoravlje District. The key to success in the fight against infectious
diseases is reflected in the implementation of mandatory immunizations
according to the vaccination calendar prescribed by each country and is
considered one of the best ways to reduce morbidity, eliminate, even eradicate
infectious diseases.
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