Osteoscopy and classic morphometric analysis of the skull can determine gender with an accuracy of 92%. The aim of our study was to determine the degree of accuracy in determining the gender of the skull based on the classic morphometric analysis of the mastoid process. The research was conducted on a sample of 100 macerated and degreased skulls of known gender and age from the second half of the 20th century, including the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which belong to the osteological collection of the Anatomy Department of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo. It is a prospectively designed, osteometric study, where 3 diameters of the mastoid process were measured on each skull using a sliding compass (Schubler) on both sides: mastoid length, width and antero-posterior diameter. The size of the mastoid process was calculated according to the given formula. The antero-posterior diameter of the mastoid process was shown to be a significant predictor for the differentiation of skull gender p=0.0001. If the antero-posterior diameter of the mastoid process increases by 1 mm, the odds ratio (chance ratio) that it is a female skull decreases by 41% in our sample, while in the general population the chance ranges between 50-30%. The size of the mastoid process proved to be a significant predictor for the gender differentiation of the skull p=0.0001. If the size of the mastoid process increases by 1 mm3, the odds ratio (chance ratio) that it is a female skull decreases by 41% in our sample, while in the general population the chance ranges between 50-30%. Increasing values of length, width, antero-posterior diameter and size of the mastoid process increase the probability that the skull is classified as male. By multivariate binary logistic regression, the antero-posterior diameter of the mastoid process was singled out as statistically significant for the differentiation of skull gender.

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