Primrose, or Primula vulgaris, is a perennial herb that has long been prized for its therapeutic qualities. The entire plant is used for its expectorant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, and healing-promoting properties. P. vulgaris is effective in treating rheumatic disorders, gout, insomnia, anxiety, respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis. This study examines the ecological variation of Primula vulgaris from two locations: Dajti Mountain, which is 1023 meters above sea level, and the Tirana Hills, 217 meters above sea level. These locations provide different environmental conditions, making it possible to investigate how these ecological variations might affect the traits of plants. Leaf dimensions (length and width), chlorophyll content were measured, and statistical analysis were performed using Mann-Whitney U test. The findings showed that there was a statistically significant variation in leaf size, with Dajti Mountain plants having shorter leaves. For this study, Raman spectroscopy measurements were performed using a B&W Tek i-Raman Ex Raman spectrometer. We have encountered the presence of Rutin and Tangerine essential oil, from the characteristic peaks present in the Raman spectra. These findings provide insights into how altitude and light exposure shape the morphological, physiological, and chemical traits of Primula vulgaris, revealing that plants in sunnier, low-altitude habitats develop broader leaves and higher concentrations of bioactive compounds, while those at higher elevations exhibit greater chlorophyll content and enhanced photosynthetic efficiency.

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