Vol. 10, 2025

Environmental Physics

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY OF BEACH SANDS FROM THE ADRIATIC SEA COASTLINE, ALBANIA

Gerti Xhixha, Nikolla Civici, Merita Xhixha (Kaçeli), Dritan Prifti, Kozeta Tushe

Pages: 76-80

DOI: 10.37392/RapProc.2025.15

he Adriatic coastline (Shëngjini bay, Lalzi bay, Durrës bay and Spille bay) is previously investigated for the activity concentration of natural radionuclides in sand samples by means of high-resolution gamma ray spectrometry technique. The highest activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th are found to be 458 Bq/kg, 67 Bq/kg and 91 Bq/kg, respectively. This study aims to investigate the dose rate and elemental composition of beach sands in order to better understanding of the behaviour of radionuclides in the coastline of the Adriatic Sea in Albania. The same sand samples are characterized for the chemical composition by means of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) together with some REEs (rare earth elements). A good correlation is found between natural radionuclide concentration and REEs in general giving a good indication on weathering conditions in the region. In particular, the highest concentration of REEs is measured for the same sample showing the highest concentration of natural radionuclides. Therefore, this area is investigated for the gamma dose rates by direct measurements using identiFINDER® 2, a handheld instrument. Results indicate layered deposits of showing relatively higher dose rates and confirming the presence of heavy minerals. However, it is required to obtain further information about geology and geochemistry of this area for investigating the mineralogy and origin of these deposits.
  1. M. Kaçeli Xhixha, M. Shyti, P. Dhoqina, N. Civici, G. Xhixha, “Determination of Natural Radioactivity in Beach Sands from the Adriatic Sea Coastline, Albania,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 2075, no. 1, 130002, Feb. 2019.
    DOI: 10.1063/1.5091287
  2. N. M. Antovic, N. Svrkota, I. Antovic, R. Svrkota, D. Jancic, “Radioactivity in Montenegro beach sands and assessment of the corresponding environmental risk,” Isot. Environ. Health Stud., vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 153 – 162, 2013.
    DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2013.734303
  3. F. Caridi et al., “Natural radioactivity and elemental composition of beach sands in the Calabria region, south of Italy,” Environ. Earth Sci., vol. 75, 629, Apr. 2016.
    DOI: 10.1007/s12665-016-5393-z
  4. A. Papadopoulo, A. Koroneos, G. Christofides, S. Stoulos, “Natural radioactivity distribution and gamma radiation exposure of beach sands close to Kavalapluton, Greece,” Open Geosci., vol. 7, no. 1, 20150043, Jan. 2015.
    DOI: 10.1515/geo-2015-0043
  5. B. Ostrosi, V. Qirici, A. Grazhdani, “The heavy minerals shore placers of Adriatic Sea in Albania,” Bul. Geol. Soc. Greece, vol. 32, no. 3, Athens, Greece, 1998.
  6. N. Veerasamy et al., “Geochemical characterization of monazite sands based on rare earth elements, thorium and uranium from a natural high background radiation area in Tamil Nadu, India,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 232, 106565, Jun. 2021.
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106565
  7. V. K. Shukla, A. Kr. Rai, A. Dwivedi, A. K. Rai, “Investigations of rare earth and radioactive elements in black sands of Kerala Beach using spectroscopic techniques,” J. Opt., vol. 53, pp. 2687 – 2697, Jul. 2024.
    DOI: 10.1007/s12596-023-01470-w
  8. P. Van Espen, H. Nullens, F. Adams, “A computer analysis of X-ray fluorescence spectra,” Nucl. Instrum. Methods, vol. 142, no. 1 – 2, pp. 243 – 250, Apr. 1977.
    DOI: 10.1016/0029-554X(77)90834-5
  9. I. Orlic, J. Makjanic, D. Roas, V. Valkovic, “A general way of solving matrix effect problems in elemental analysis by EDXRFS,” X-ray Spectrom., vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 139 – 143, Aug. 1988.
    DOI: 10.1002/xrs.1300170405
  10. G. Anderman, J. W. Kemp, “Scattered X-Rays as Internal Standards in X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy,” Anal. Chem., vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 1306 – 1309, Aug. 1958.
    DOI: 10.1021/ac60140a001
  11. N. Civici, R. Van Grieken, “Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence in Geochemical mapping,” X-ray Spectrom., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 147 – 152, Jul. 1997.
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4539(199707)26:4<147::AID-XRS193>3.0.CO;2-X
  12. R. L. Rudnick, S. Gao, “Composition of the Continental Crust,” in Treatise on Geochemistry, vol. 3, K. K. Turekian, H. D. Holland, Eds., 1st ed., Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Science, 2003, pp. 1 – 64.
    DOI: 10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03016-4